The Schwarzschild radius (sometimes historically referred to as the gravitational radius) is a characteristic radius associated with every mass. It is the radius for a given mass where, if that mass could be compressed to fit within that radius, no known force or degeneracy pressure could stop it from continuing to collapse into a gravitational singularity. The term is used in physics and astronomy, especially in the theory of gravitation, and general relativity.
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The Schwarzschild radius of an object is proportional to the mass. Accordingly, the Sun has a Schwarzschild radius of approximately 3 km, while the Earth's is only about 9 mm, the size of a peanut.
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An object smaller than its Schwarzschild radius is called a black hole. The surface at the Schwarzschild radius acts as an event horizon in a non-rotating body. (A rotating black hole operates slightly differently.) Neither light nor particles can escape through this surface from the region inside, hence the name "black hole".
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Formula for the Schwarzschild radius
The Schwarzschild radius is proportional to the mass with a proportionality constant involving the gravitational constant and the speed of light:
[tex]r_s = \frac{2Gm}{c^2}[/tex]
where
[tex]r_s[/tex] is the Schwarzschild radius,
[tex]G[/tex] is the gravitational constant,
[tex]m[/tex] is the mass of the gravitating object, and
[tex]c[/tex] is the speed of light.
(I norske lærebøker bruker bruker \gamma som symbol for "the gravitational constant").
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